Gunung Marapi is the most active volcano in Sumatra. Eruptions usually consist of moderate explosions occurring alternately between Tuo and Verbeek craters. Four summit craters (Bancah, Tuo, Kebun Bungo and Bongsu) are located along an ENE-WSW line, with volcanism migrating to the west. No lava flows have been recorded outside the summit craters in historical times from two flank craters (Sikumpar and Kayutanduk).
The towns of Koto Baru and Bukittinggi are located at the base of the volcano.
Evolution of Marapi volcano has occurred in six phases.
- Formation of old Marapi volcano. Eruptions from Bancah crater.
- Migration of eruption location.
- Eruption migration back to the original location accompanied by lava and pyroclastic emissions.
- Formation of Tuo crater.
- Formation of Kebun Bungo crater complex.
- Migration of eruption point to form Kayutanduk maar, following by formation of Bongsu and Verbeek craters.
2004 Eruptions
A small eruption occurred at Marapi volcano on 5th August 2004. Ash emissions reached 1000 m above the summit.
2002 Eruptions
Between 13-18 April 2002, there were 150 explosions recorded at Marapi volcano, with ash to 2 km above the summit.
2000 Eruptions
On 12th March 2000 an explosion was heard 25 km from Marapi and black ash was emittied to a height of 3000 m. Ash fell 350 km N of Marapi.
1992 Eruption
An explosion of Marapi Volcano on 5th July 1992 killed one person and injured five others.
Marapi Volcano Eruptions
- 2004
- 2000
- 1999
- 1987-94
- 1984
- 1983
- 1982
- 1980
- 1975-79
- 1973
- 1970-71
- 1968
- 1967
- 1966
- 1958
- 1958
- 1954-57
- 1950-52
- 1949,
- 1949
- 1943
- 1932
- 1930
- 1929
- 1927
- 1925
- 1919
- 1918
- 1918
- 1917
- 1916
- 1915
- 1914
- 1913
- 1911
- 1910
- 1907-08
- 1905
- 1904
- 1889
- 1886
- 1885
- 1883
- 1883
- 1876-77
- 1876
- 1871
- 1871
- 1863
- 1861
- 1855-56
- 1854
- 1833-34
- 1822
- 1807
- 1770
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar